Copper nuclear structure

This blender file of an atomic nucleus has a better quality than the previous nuclei of Fe, Ni, and C. This Cu nucleus has all spheres connected. This allows a 3D printer to print one solid model, not a loose set of balls that collapse. An stl file is also provided, so the Thingiviewer can be used to rotate the simulated copper nucleus.

White protons, blue neutrons. Six pyramids of nucleons on a cube of nucleons. A cube has 6 sides, so 6 pyramids cover the faces. The lattice is called Face Armored Cubic.

Copper has one more proton than nickel, and that is why one proton ring gets shorted out. The ring of 12 protons touches the coaxial proton, so Cu is nonferrous and Ni is a ferromagnetic element. Ferromagnetic elements have two coaxial rings of protons. Gadolinium has 18 protons in each ring. Nickel has 12 protons in each ring. Copper is like nickel, except the added proton ruins one coaxial ring. That makes copper not be a ferromagnetic element. It is nonferrous.

See Journal